1844 - The first educational legislation in New Zealand was
titled An Ordnance for Appointing a Board of Trustees for the
Management of Property to be set aside for the Education and
Advancement of the Native Race. The trustees' responsibilities
were given as follows: The establishment and maintenance of schools
for the instruction of the native people in the English language,
and for the systematic course of industrial and moral training in
English usages and English arts, and in the providing for the
relief of the sick, and generally in such a way as may be most
conducive to the bodily and spiritual welfare of the native race,
and to their advancement in the scale of social and spiritual
welfare.
1857 - the Mechanics Institute opens in Dunedin
1877 - Education Act
1884 - Hogben complained that the rigid standards of
examinations restricted primary teachers' liberty and encouraged
cramming at the expense of general education development.
1886 - Wellington School of Design established - later became
Wellington Technical School
1889 - Dunedin Technical School - (NZ technical Schools)
1889 Hogben becomes headmaster of Timaru High School (a co-ed
school). He inherited an academic curriculum directed towards the
Matriculation examination which he was unable to abolish because it
was regarded publicly as the hallmark of a well rounded education.
He felt compelled to remind pupils, teachers and parents that such
a curriculum was not suited to the perceived vocational and
educational needs of the great majority of adolescent students
1906 - Christchurch Technical/Wellington
1909 - Parsons Model - the beginning of a structured approach to
Careers Education (see McMahon & Patton Assessment: A
Continuum of Practice and a New Location in Career
Counselling)
1913 - YMCA providing guidance services
1914 - Education Act required all children aged 7-14 to be
enrolled on the register of a public school or other registered
school
1920 - Amendment to 1914 Act raised the leaving age to 15. Its
date of implementation was to be by Order in Council but no such
Order was made until the 1940s
1922 - First intermediate school established in Auckland
1923 - Apprentices Act
1925 - Dept of Education Report on Educational subjects No 16
Investigations into Certain aspects of Post Primary
Education, Frank Tate
1926 - Keys Thesis - An Inquiry into the transition from
Secondary School to the University of New Zealand
1928 Harris Thesis - was successively a primary teacher,
technical school teacher, training college lecturer and (in 1941)
an officer of the Department of Education
1929 - First official recognition of Vocational Guidance in N Z
schools by Dept of Education Append to Journals1929 E-1 p5-Mcq
- Approval was then given for the appointment in Christchurch and
Wellington Technical Colleges of assistant teachers
1930s - Technical Colleges began to show interest in guidance
services and some cooperated with the YMCA. In this period guidance
in secondary schools began to emerge as rather undefined or in an
arrangement dependent on pastoral relationships between teacher and
pupils
1935 - Dept of Education reported that a member of the staff of
the Technical schools in the four main centres had been assigned
the duties of school vocational guidance officer
1936 - Proficiency Examination (which selected students for free
schooling in secondary schools) abolished
1936 - Beeby Report on Intermediate Schools
1936 - Conference of Vocational guidance Officers held in
Dec
1937 - Modern Trends in Education conference - Proceedings
published 1938
1938 - Conference of vocational Guidance officers held with
representatives of the Dept Of Education - this led to
1938 - Report of the Superintendent of Technical Education
recorded the establishment of Youth Centres in the four main
centres where all the problems relating to educational and
vocational guidance of youth are considered jointly by officers of
the Education and Labour Departments
- Eight vocational guidance officers were appointed, two attached
to each of the Technical colleges in the four main centres and
Careers Teachers were appointed in selected post primary schools to
work in collaboration with the vocational guidance officers
1938 - Edit A E Campbell - Modern Trends in
Education
1939 - Careers allowance #40
1940 John Nicol - The Technical Schools of New
Zealand
- 1857-Mechanics Institute est in Dunedin
- 1879 P8
- 1886-Wellington school of Design est-later called Wellington
technical school
- 1889-Dunedin Technical School developed
- 1906 - Christchurch Technical School
1940 - H.C. McQueen, Vocational Guidance in New
Zealand-NZCER Pub
1941 - H.C McQueen et al, The Background of Guidance
NZCER
1945 - H C McQueen, Vocations For Maori Youth NZCER
1945 - R.Winterbourn, The Why and How of Vocational
Guidance
1945 - William Anderson, The Flight from Reason in New
Zealand Education
1945 Margorie Donald Thesis - An Investigation into the
Vocational preferences of 420 Girls Who will shortly leave Post
Primary Schools
1948 - regulations introduced which provided for the appointment
of careers advisers in all state secondary schools with rolls >
200
- also first appointments made to what was to become the Dept of
Education Psychological Service
1950s - late years saw a pilot scheme for guidance
counsellors
1966 - Government making decisions to authorise the
establishment of guidance counselling service at school
1971 - there were 265 Careers Advisers, and 53 guidance
counsellors who were also responsible for careers advising for
their gender (see Di Lynes p6-also Education 1971 Guidance in
Secondary schools: Report of Working Party)
1970s - First oil shock meant students who had previously left
school at the end of year 10 returned to school but School
Certificate was not a realistic goal for many. Some schools
developed Transition programmes, sometimes with assistance from
DSIS discretionary funds
1970s - see Daley and Moorehouse 1987 Transition Education
1981 - Careers Education in Secondary Schools
published
1985 - the Gold Books appear, ie Careers Handbook
1985 - Foundations for CATE laid at Lincoln
university
1985 - 16 Jan - Govt Transition Education Statement released
1986 - some piloting of a national transition course
1986 - First CATE National Conference in
Christchurch
1987-88 - $16.3 million (500%) increase in Transition
Funding
December - Goff (Chch Press) described Transition as the fence
at the top of the cliff and reflected that ACCESS was the ambulance
at the bottom. Mr Goff acknowledged that choosing a career was a
much slower process than simply a few hours of vocational guidance
at the end of school certificate
"The idea is not to wait until the student has dropped out but
to provide positive alternatives within the formal education
system".
LINK begins1989 - Tomorrows Schools devolved power/decision
making from the Department of Education to the schools
1989 - Transition Division of MOE begins producing resources
including the Purple Books
1990 - National Education Guidelines were established, revised
in 1993,1996,and 1999. The NAGs have 3 components
- National Education Goals
- National Curriculum Statements
- National Administrative Guidelines
1991 - ERO reviews Transition education
1993 - The New Zealand Curriculum Framework was developed. This
was seen as a major philosophical shift. Education of the 1970s and
1980s was seen as a catalyst for achieving social equity
whereas the philosophy of the 1990s was one of education as a
contributor to economic growth (Snook 1991)
1995 - Lynch Report-Review-Career Information and Guidance
and...
1995 - Careers Information Grant (CIAG) begins in June
1996 - Transition Bulk Funding begins and Transition programmes
begin to decline
1996 - Bulk Funding of Careers/Transition resources staffing
into middle management - 330+ teachers cut from the system
1996 - LINK becomes STAR ( Secondary Tertiary Alignment
Resource)
1996 - Careers made 'accountable' through the NAGs
2002 - Gateway starts
2005 - Designing Careers Pilot
2007 - CPaBL Creating Pathways and Building Lives) starts
2008 - Youth Apprenticeship Scheme starts
